IP address

An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a numerical label assigned to each device (e.g., computer, printer) participating in a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication.[1] An IP address serves two principal functions: host or network interface identification and location addressing. Its role has been characterized as follows: "A name indicates what we seek. An address indicates where it is. A route indicates how to get there."[2]
The designers of the Internet Protocol defined an IP address as a 32-bit number[1] and this system, known as Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4), is still in use today. However, because of the growth of the Internet and the predicted depletion of available addresses, a new version of IP (IPv6), using 128 bits for the address, was developed in 1995.[3] IPv6 was standardized as RFC 2460 in 1998,[4] and its deployment has been ongoing since the mid-2000s.
IP addresses are usually written and displayed in human-readable notations, such as 172.16.254.1 (IPv4), and 2001:db8:0:1234:0:567:8:1 (IPv6).
The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) manages the IP address space allocations globally and delegates five regional Internet registries (RIRs) to allocate IP address blocks to local Internet registries (Internet service providers) and other entities.

In fact, many computers use exactly the same IP address. We do this by using internal, non-routable IPs within many networks. The 10.x.x.x block, the 172.16.x.x block and the 192.168.x.x blocks are all used for internal IPs. Computers using these IPs will point to a router that has a single, routable IP address. There are very likely tens thousands of home routers currently deployed with an internal address of 192.168.0.1. In many of those homes, by default, the first computer on the home network likely has an IP address of 192.168.0.100.

They Don't!
Each computer or device connected to the internet does not have a unique IP address.
There are today 10+ Billion devices connected to the Internet, however the IPv4 address space is only 4.2 Billion address (because it's a 32 bit number, so 2^32 addresses). . 

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